Chondrosarcoma is categorized as a malignant cancer of the bone. The malignant increase of the cancer takes place in the cartilage. Sarcomas are referred to those cancers which affect the connective tissues. From a pathological perspective, connective tissues also include bone and cartilage along with fibrous tissues like muscle for instance which connects various internal organs as well as elements of the body's musculoskeletal system. 'Sarcoma' comes from the Greek word for flesh called 'sarx', and '-oma', means growth. Therefore sarcoma literally means a fleshy overgrowth of any kind.

Bones are usually considered to be a lifeless part of our bodies but the fact is they are very much alive. Bones have many different tissues like cartilaginous, osteoid and fibrous (connective) tissue. All these tissue types are susceptible to getting either a malignant or benign tumor. Connective tissue tumors are classified on the basis of the tissue of origin.

The most commonly seen bone sarcoma is Osteosarcoma. Chondrosarcoma is in second place after that. About a quarter of all primary bone cancers tend to be chondrosarcomas. There is some confusion however as chondrosarcomas can also occur in cartilaginous lesions which are benign as in the case of an enchondroma or perhaps like in the case of an osteochondroma for instance. In such instances they are called secondary chondrosarcomas as they’re secondary to an already existing cancer.

Chondrosarcomas are more prevalent in people who are above 40 years. Less than 4 percent of this cancer occurs in people less than 20 years. In the United States there are about 500 cases in total annually.

Both sexes are equally vulnerable to Chondrosarcoma. There are axial tumors which means they arise from major limbs as well as the skeleton of the trunk). There are also appendiceal tumors which arise from the feet or hands. Related sites also include the femur (thigh bone), pelvis, scapula (shoulder blade) humerus (upper arm) and ribs, not to mention the vertebrae (spinal column). Pelvis (31%) is an area which faces this problem the most after which is the femur (21%), and finally at 13% with the girdle of the shoulder. Chondrosarcomas which occur in the appendages i.e. feet and hands are quite uncommon. Whilst unusual Chondrosarcoma has also been seen arising in the lung, craniofacial area, breast, trachea, testis and others.

People who suffer from conditions like as enchondromatosis which is a pre-existing cartilage disorder (in case of syndromes like Ollier disease) are more affected by Chondrosarcoma. A rare type of sarcoma, Fibrosarcoma has been known to occur in patients faster especially if they received high levels of radiation therapy a long time ago.